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SS-31

SS-31

$62.00
$62.00
SAVE Liquid error (snippets/price line 116): Computation results in '-Infinity'% Sold out

science Lab-Tested 99% Purity

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SS-31

SS-31

$62.00
$62.00
SAVE Liquid error (snippets/price line 116): Computation results in '-Infinity'% Sold out

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) that selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. By stabilizing mitochondrial structure and function, it has been investigated for its potential to reduce oxidative stress, enhance cellular energy production, and protect against degenerative diseases.

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  • DESCRIPTION
  • STORAGE
  • REFERENCES

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) designed to concentrate in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Unlike many antioxidants, SS-31 selectively binds to cardiolipin, stabilizing mitochondrial cristae structure, improving electron transport chain efficiency, and reducing oxidative stress. It is widely studied in models of cardiovascular disease, mitochondrial myopathy, neurodegeneration, and aging-related dysfunction.

Structure

  • Type: Synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide
  • Sequence: D-Arg-2′6′-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂
  • Molecular Weight: ~639 Da
  • Mechanism:



    Binds cardiolipin in mitochondrial inner membrane



    Improves electron transport chain (ETC) function



    Reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production



    Enhances ATP synthesis and mitochondrial dynamics

Research

Mitochondrial Protection

  • Reduces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and disease models.
  • Improves membrane stability and cristae architecture.

Cardiovascular Disease

  • Studied in ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy.
  • Improves myocardial efficiency and reduces infarct size.

Neuroprotection

  • Demonstrates benefits in models of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and optic neuropathies.
  • Preserves synaptic and neuronal function by reducing oxidative injury.

Skeletal Muscle & Mitochondrial Myopathies

  • Improves muscle strength and endurance in primary mitochondrial disease.
  • Enhances exercise tolerance and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Aging & Longevity

  • Improves age-associated mitochondrial decline, insulin sensitivity, and tissue resilience.
  • Currently under investigation in clinical aging studies.

Safety Profile

  • Generally well tolerated in clinical trials.
  • Most common side effects: mild injection site reactions, headache, and GI upset.

Summary

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a cardiolipin-targeting mitochondria-protective peptide that:

  • Enhances ETC function and ATP production
  • Reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis
  • Studied in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and mitochondrial diseases
  • Represents a promising therapeutic in mitochondrial medicine

This peptide is supplied as a lyophilized powder. Store vials at 2–8 °C, protected from light and moisture. For long-term preservation, keep unopened vials at −20 °C. After reconstitution, prepare under sterile conditions, refrigerate at 2–8 °C, and use promptly. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.

1. Szeto HH. First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. *Br J Pharmacol*. 2014;171(8):2029–2050. doi:10.1111/bph.12461

2. Birk AV, et al. The mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria. *Pharmacol Res*. 2013;76:35–44. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2013.07.005

3. Cho J, et al. Protective effects of SS-31 against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart. *Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol*. 2007;292(1):H172–H179. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00655.2006

4. Zhao K, et al. A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease models. *J Biol Chem*. 2004;279(33):34682–34690. doi:10.1074/jbc.M402999200

5. Brown DA, et al. Elamipretide improves cardiac function and mitochondrial efficiency in heart failure. *J Am Coll Cardiol*. 2016;68(23):2657–2669. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.943

6. Kloner RA, et al. Mitochondria-targeted peptide therapy for ischemia-reperfusion injury. *Circulation*. 2012;126(4):S54–S62. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.080333

7. Karaa A, et al. Randomized clinical trial of elamipretide in primary mitochondrial myopathy. *JAMA Neurol*. 2018;75(11):1431–1440. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.2135

8. Manczak M, et al. Elamipretide reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage in Alzheimer’s disease models. *Hum Mol Genet*. 2010;19(20):3959–3969. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq311

9. Thomas DA, et al. SS-31 preserves retinal function in models of optic neuropathy. *Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci*. 2012;53(3):1586–1595. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8727

10. Dai DF, et al. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide therapy improves lifespan and healthspan in aging mice. *Aging Cell*. 2011;10(5):768–778. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00700.x