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Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12

$35.00
$35.00
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Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12

$35.00
$35.00
SAVE Liquid error (snippets/price line 116): Computation results in '-Infinity'% Sold out

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. It serves as a cofactor in key enzymatic reactions, including methylation processes and fatty acid metabolism.

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  • DESCRIPTION
  • STORAGE
  • REFERENCES

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that plays critical roles in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and neurological function. It is unique among vitamins in that it contains a cobalt atom within a corrin ring structure. Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia, neuropathy, and cognitive impairment. B12 is obtained from dietary animal products or supplementation, as humans cannot synthesize it.

Structure

  • Type: Water-soluble vitamin (corrinoid compound)
  • Forms: Cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin
  • Molecular Formula: C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P
  • Molecular Weight: ~1355 Da
  • Mechanism:



    Cofactor for methionine synthase → DNA synthesis, homocysteine metabolism



    Cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase → fatty acid and amino acid metabolism



    Supports myelin sheath integrity in the nervous system

Research

Hematology

  • Essential for erythropoiesis; deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia.
  • Corrects anemia when administered as oral or injectable supplementation.

Neurology

  • Prevents peripheral neuropathy and cognitive decline.
  • Studied for potential benefits in dementia, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.

Cardiovascular & Metabolism

  • Regulates homocysteine levels; elevated homocysteine is a cardiovascular risk factor.
  • Supports energy metabolism via mitochondrial function.

Deficiency States

  • Common in vegetarians, elderly, and individuals with malabsorption (e.g., pernicious anemia, gastric bypass, IBD).
  • Symptoms: fatigue, pallor, neuropathy, memory loss, mood disturbances.

Safety Profile

  • Well tolerated even at high doses.
  • No established toxicity; excess excreted in urine.

Summary

Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient required for:

  • DNA synthesis and cell division
  • Red blood cell production
  • Neurological integrity and cognitive function
  • Homocysteine regulation and energy metabolism

This compound is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder or injectable solution. Store at 2–8 °C, protected from light and moisture. For long-term preservation, keep unopened vials at −20 °C. After reconstitution (if lyophilized), refrigerate at 2–8 °C and use promptly. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.

1. O’Leary F, Samman S. Vitamin B12 in health and disease. *Nutrients*. 2010;2(3):299–316. doi:10.3390/nu2030299

2. Allen LH. Causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. *Food Nutr Bull*. 2008;29(2 Suppl):S20–S34. doi:10.1177/15648265080292S105

3. Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S. Vitamin B12 deficiency. *BMJ*. 2014;349:g5226. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5226

4. Stabler SP. Clinical practice: Vitamin B12 deficiency. *N Engl J Med*. 2013;368(2):149–160. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1113996

5. Green R, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency. *Nat Rev Dis Primers*. 2017;3:17040. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.40

6. Andrès E, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly patients. *CMAJ*. 2004;171(3):251–259. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1031155

7. Lindenbaum J, et al. Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency. *N Engl J Med*. 1988;318(26):1720–1728. doi:10.1056/NEJM198806303182604

8. Clarke R, et al. Homocysteine and B vitamins in cardiovascular disease. *Arch Intern Med*. 1999;159(10):1077–1083. doi:10.1001/archinte.159.10.1077

9. Carmel R. Pernicious anemia: the expected findings of very low serum cobalamin levels and anemia are often lacking. *Arch Intern Med*. 1988;148(8):1712–1714. doi:10.1001/archinte.1988.00380080170026

10. Watanabe F. Vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability in foods. *Nutrients*. 2010;2(12):1167–1185. doi:10.3390/nu2121167